When Form 8815 Vary 2022-2023

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William Bradford Shockley jr. February 13th 1910 to August 12th 1989 was an American physicist and inventor Shockley was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain the three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s led to California's Silicon Valley becoming a hotbed of electronics innovation in his later life Shockley was a professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University and became a proponent of eugenics topic early life and education Shockley was born in London to American parents and raised in his family's hometown of Palo Alto California from the age of three his father William Hillman Shockley was a mining engineer who speculated in mines for a living and spoke eight languages his mother Mary Mae Bradford grew up in the American West graduated from Stanford University and became the first female US deputy mining surveyor Shockley earned his Bachelor of Science degree from Caltech in 1932 and a PhD from MIT in 1936 the title of his doctoral thesis was electronic bands in sodium chloride a topic suggested by his thesis adviser John C Slater after receiving his doctorate chuckle II joined a research group headed by Clinton Davisson at Bell Labs in New Jersey the next few years were productive for Shockley he published a number of fundamental papers on solid-state physics and physical review in 1938 he got his first patent electron discharge device on electron multipliers topic courier you when world war ii broke out shockley became involved in radar research at Bell Labs in Manhattan New York City in May 1942 he took leave from Bell...