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American exceptionalism as an ideology holding the United States as unique among nations in positive or negative connotations with respect to its ideas of democracy and personal freedom that the concept has no formal definition there are some themes common to various conceptions of the idea one is the history of the United States as different from other nations in this view American exceptionalism stems from the American Revolution becoming what political scientist Seymour Martin Lipset called the first new nation in developing the American ideology of Americanism based on liberty egalitarianism individualism republicanism democracy and lays a fair economics this ideology itself is often referred to as American exceptionalism another theme is the idea that the u.s. has a unique mission to transform the world Abraham Lincoln stated in the Gettysburg Address 1863 Americans have a duty to ensure government of the people by the people for the people shall not perish from the earth another theme is the sense the United States history and mission give it a superiority over other nations the theory of the exceptionalism of the US has developed over time and can be traced to many sources French political scientist and historian Alexis de Tocqueville was the first writer to describe the country as exceptional in 1831 and 1840 the actual phrase American exceptionalism was originally coined by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin as a critique of a revisionist faction of American communists who argued that the American political climate was unique making it an exception to certain elements of Marxist theory US President Ronald Reagan is often credited with having crystallized this ideology in recent decades political scientist Alden eisenach argues in the 21st century American exceptionalism has come under attack from the postmodern left as a reactionary myth the absence of a shared...